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Dyskaryosis - Abnormal Smear Test & Treatment
Gynecology

Dyskaryosis – Abnormal Smear Test & Treatment

Specialist physician: Assist. Prof. Dr. Muzaffer Uçarer — Obstetrics & Gynaecology · IVF and Reproductive Medicine  ·  Last updated: June 2026
This page provides general information and does not replace a medical consultation. Please consult your physician about your individual situation.

Cervical screening represents a crucial component of gynecological health management. This screening procedure can identify cellular abnormalities that might progress into cervical cancer. While most women receive normal results, approximately 1 in 20 will have abnormal findings.

Who Should Have a Cervical Smear?

All women between ages 25 and 65 should undergo regular cervical screening. The test detects abnormal cells that could develop into cervical cancer, allowing for early removal before complications arise.

What to Expect

During the procedure, patients remove lower clothing and lie down. A speculum holds the vagina open while a specially designed brush collects cells from the cervix. The five-minute procedure is painless, though mild discomfort may occur.

Test Results

Results fall into three categories: Normal (no abnormal cells), Inadequate (inconclusive results requiring retesting), or Abnormal (precancerous cells detected with borderline, moderate, or severe classifications).

Next Steps

Abnormal results may lead to HPV testing, colposcopy to confirm abnormal cells, or additional procedures to remove affected tissue. More frequent screening may be recommended for future monitoring.

Contact UCARER Women’s Health to book your consultation with Assist. Prof. Dr. Muzaffer Uçarer.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Common Questions

An abnormal smear (dyskaryosis) means cervical cells show changes that differ from normal. It does not mean cancer — most abnormal results reflect minor changes caused by HPV infection that resolve without treatment. The grade determines next steps.

Results are graded: borderline or low-grade changes usually need monitoring; moderate and high-grade dyskaryosis require colposcopy (a closer examination of the cervix) and possibly biopsy or treatment to prevent progression to cancer.

Colposcopy is a detailed examination of the cervix using a magnifying instrument (colposcope). A mild solution is applied to highlight any abnormal areas. It takes around 15–20 minutes and is performed at our clinic.

LLETZ (loop excision) is the most common treatment — a fine wire loop removes the abnormal area of the cervix under local anaesthetic. It is a short outpatient procedure with high success rates.

After treatment for high-grade changes, follow-up smears are recommended every 6 months for the first year, then annually for several years. Your gynaecologist will provide a personalised follow-up schedule.

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